India Ramps Up Defence Modernisation as Key Programs Regain Momentum

India boosts defense with Tejas engine supplies, fast-tracked missile procurement, and new combat vehicle tests, enhancing readiness.

New Delhi — India’s defence modernisation drive has gained critical momentum with the resumption of engine supplies for its TEJAS MK-1A fighter jets, fast-tracked missile procurement, and renewed testing of next-generation combat vehicles. The moves come amid ongoing security tensions and reflect a broader push to strengthen military readiness across domains.

TEJAS Engine Deliveries Resume After Two-Year Gap

After a prolonged delay, deliveries of the GE F404-IN20 engines powering India’s TEJAS MK-1A fighter jets are back on track. U.S.-based General Electric has pledged to deliver two engines per month through March 2026, clearing a bottleneck that had stalled the indigenous jet program.

The disruption, caused by pandemic-era supply chain issues and the collapse of a South Korean vendor, halted progress on India’s frontline light combat aircraft. GE had previously shut down production after completing 65 units for the earlier MK-1 version, forcing a complex restart of its global supply chain.

The first resumed engine shipment arrived in April 2025, with a second due by the end of July. With this supply line restored, Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) is aiming to deliver 12 aircraft this year. A new production facility in Nashik—HAL’s third for TEJAS—will roll out its first MK-1A jet by month’s end.

The Indian Air Force plans to induct 352 TEJAS jets across MK-1A and MK-2 variants. Production is expected to peak at 30 aircraft per year by 2026–27.

Javelin Missiles: Fast-Track Procurement and Local Production Talks

India is in advanced talks with the U.S. to acquire Javelin anti-tank guided missiles (ATGMs) under a dual-track plan—combining emergency imports with long-term co-production. Defence Secretary Rajesh Kumar Singh confirmed that discussions include both near-term purchases and a potential joint manufacturing agreement with Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL).

The Javelin system, developed by Raytheon and Lockheed Martin, offers top-attack capabilities and infrared guidance, making it a potent asset against modern armoured threats. The missile, which has seen action in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Ukraine, is particularly valuable for mountain warfare scenarios like Ladakh, where tensions with China persist.

India currently faces a shortfall of thousands of second-generation ATGMs, and existing stock is nearing obsolescence. A Memorandum of Understanding signed between the Javelin Joint Venture and BDL in February 2025 is now being evaluated for feasibility under India’s “Make in India” framework.

Cost remains a sticking point, with each missile and launcher unit priced around $178,000. Technology transfer terms are also under scrutiny as India pushes for greater defence self-reliance.

Stryker Vehicle Trials Highlight Terrain Challenges, Custom Needs

Trials of the U.S.-made Stryker armoured fighting vehicle in Ladakh have prompted calls for upgrades, particularly in engine power and amphibious capabilities. The Indian Army found that the current model, with a 300-horsepower engine, struggled in high-altitude conditions and failed to meet key mobility benchmarks.

General Dynamics, the vehicle’s manufacturer, has proposed an engine upgrade to 600 horsepower. Initial tests will be conducted in the U.S. before revalidation in Indian terrain. The Army has also requested an amphibious version of the Stryker, which is expected to be showcased in upcoming joint exercises.

India plans to acquire around 530 new infantry combat vehicles under its Future Infantry Combat Vehicle (FICV) program to replace its ageing BMP-2 fleet. In January 2025, the U.S. approved India as the first foreign manufacturer of the Stryker, a step expected to lead to phased co-production.

Modernisation Drive: Addressing Capability Gaps

These developments come at a time when the Indian military faces pressing equipment shortfalls. The Air Force currently operates just 31 fighter squadrons—well below the sanctioned 42—and many of its older aircraft, including MiG-21s and Jaguars, are approaching retirement. Estimates suggest India needs to procure up to 450 new jets over the next 15 years.

Meanwhile, emergency defence procurements worth ₹1,981 crore have been cleared in recent months. The acquisitions include drone jammers, loitering munitions, and advanced air defence systems to address immediate needs.

India’s FICV program is also moving forward, with prototypes from Tata and Bharat Forge expected to begin trials by September. These vehicles are designed to improve on the BMP-2’s limitations, with enhanced firepower, mobility, and crew protection.

Also, India will receive a leased Russian Akula-class nuclear attack submarine by 2028, a crucial boost to its naval power.

Strategic Partnerships Key to Long-Term Self-Reliance

The emphasis on co-production—whether for missiles or armoured vehicles—reflects India’s growing focus on defence self-reliance. Partnerships with the U.S. under frameworks like iCET (Initiative on Critical and Emerging Technologies) aim to deepen industrial collaboration and diversify global supply chains.

Synchronised timelines across programs suggest a coordinated effort to accelerate India's defence preparedness. If successful, these initiatives will not only address immediate gaps but also lay the groundwork for long-term strategic autonomy in a volatile regional environment.

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